Bava Kamma 53 - A Man and An Ox Together Push another Ox into a Pit (Torts)

If a worker digs a pit, he, and not his employer, is liable for the damages - because "there is no messenger for transgression," and it is forbidden to create damaging obstacles in the public domain.

If someone pushes an ox into a pit or startles the animal and it falls, the owner of the pit is liable for whatever can't be collected from the first man.

If an ox and a person together push either a person or an animal or utensils into a pit, all (the person, the ox, and the pit) are liable for damages. Still, only a human is liable for the "four payments."

Art: The Gold Diggers by John Quidor

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